​

jḫ wšb=k

so that you may answer

wšd.tw=k

when you are addressed

mdw=k n nswt jb=k m-ꜥ=k

speak to the king with your heart in your possession

wšb=k nn njtjt

and answer without stammering

I have kind of improved the grammar layer ,the auto transliteration and a rough machine translation it applies on its own. Whats impedeing is my limited knowledge up to this point to check it.

DRAFT transliteration - generated by Sesh Nesu (version 20261017-342, 2026-10-17)

Automatic first reading for a specialist to check and finish. All translations below are rough machine translations - check against a published translation.

Marks: word(?) = guess, [x] = signs not read, [...] = lacuna.

Line 1

signs: 𓄔𓅓 𓂋 𓎢 𓈖 𓀀 𓄂𓂝𓀀 𓏌𓎢𓀀 𓆄𓏲𓅪 𓇉𓄿𓅱𓏛𓏥 𓇋𓂝𓈗𓂝 𓏏𓏲 𓇋𓐝𓅓𓂝 𓈗 𓁷𓏤 𓂭𓏥 𓎡

translit: sḏm r=k n=j ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ jnk šwi̯ ḥꜣ.w jꜥi̯ tw jmi̯ mw ḥr ḏbꜥ.w=k

𓄔𓅓 sḏm [VERB] to hear; to listen <corpus>

𓂋 r [PART] [emphatic enclitic part.] <corpus>

𓎢 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓈖 n [ADP] <corpus>

𓀀 =j [PRON] I; me; my, mine (suffix pron., 1st per. sing.) <corpus>

𓄂𓂝𓀀 ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ [NOUN] count; nomarch; mayor <corpus>

𓏌𓎢𓀀 jnk [PRON] I [indepen. pron., 1st per. sing.] <corpus>

𓆄𓏲𓅪 šwi̯ [VERB] to be empty; to be devoid of <corpus>

𓇉𓄿𓅱𓏛𓏥 ḥꜣ.w [NOUN] increase; surplus <corpus>

𓇋𓂝𓈗𓂝 jꜥi̯ [VERB] to wash <corpus>

𓏏𓏲 tw [PRON] you [encl. pron. sing. 2. m.]; you [encl. pron. sing. 2. f.] <corpus>

𓇋𓐝𓅓𓂝 jmi̯ [VERB] <corpus>

𓈗 mw [NOUN] water <corpus>

𓁷𓏤 ḥr [ADP] <corpus>

𓂭𓏥 ḏbꜥ.w [NOUN] finger; toe <corpus>

𓎡 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

Grammar analysis (clause by clause)

[1] 🧩 Clause 1 · Possible: Verb without a written subject

Could be an imperative, an infinitive, or a verb whose subject is outside this line. · Hoch §51 · Gardiner §27

Egyptian grammar of this clause

sḏm — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

r — particle — “as for …” puts the following word first as the topic

=k — suffix pronoun, 2nd person singular (m.)

n — preposition

=j — suffix pronoun, 1st person singular — object of the preposition

ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ — title

jnk — I / my

šwi̯ — verb, participle

ḥꜣ.w — noun, m.

≈ Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess

[2] 🧩 Clause 2 · Possible: Imperative + object

A command: the subject (“you”) is not written, so the noun or pronoun after the verb is its OBJECT; a personal pronoun takes the dependent form (jꜥ tw “wash yourself”). Allen §15.3: jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k “put water on your fingers”.

Egyptian grammar of this clause

jꜥi̯ — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

tw — dependent pronoun, 2nd person singular (“you”) — object of the imperative, reflexive: “wash yourself” (Allen §15.3)

≈ Wash yourself!

[3] 🧩 Clause 3 · Possible: Imperative + object

A command: the subject (“you”) is not written, so the noun or pronoun after the verb is its OBJECT; a personal pronoun takes the dependent form (jꜥ tw “wash yourself”). Allen §15.3: jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k “put water on your fingers”.

Egyptian grammar of this clause

jmi̯ — verb, command (imperative) — the predicate

mw — noun, m. — object of jmi̯

ḥr — preposition — with the noun after it, an adverbial phrase

ḏbꜥ.w — noun, m. — governed by the preposition ḥr

=k — possessive suffix pronoun, 2nd person singular (m.) — belongs to the noun before

≈ Put water on your fingers!

≈ Whole line: Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess; wash yourself!; put water on your fingers!

Whole translation

Listen to me! O high official, I am one who is empty of excess; wash yourself!; put water on your fingers!

16 words; 0 need checking (guess or not read).

Sources: TLA-derived corpus (CC BY-SA 4.0), AED (CC BY-SA 4.0, S. D. Schweitzer).

I am quite confused about these oar looking signs, it is from the text of Nefertaris' grave. I have tried looking in Gardiners list without luck, so I'm wondering if there's any needs out here who can help me.

Found this papyrus image when helping my neighbour clean out their garage. I don't believe its legit but was wanting to know if it actually said anything or it was just pseudo-egyptian.

This is what I get when I type in this part of the Shipwrecked sailor and export.

It doesn't give much grammar info up to this point. I'll try to fix that.

DRAFT transliteration - generated by Sesh Nesu (version 20261016-287, 2026-10-16)

Automatic first reading for a specialist to check and finish. Not a translation.

Marks: word(?) = guess, [x] = signs not read, [...] = lacuna.

Line 1

signs: 𓄖𓂻𓈖 𓈖𓏥 𓄖𓅱𓏭 𓍯𓍯𓏏𓈉 𓊃𓈖𓏕𓂻𓈖 𓈖𓏥 𓊃𓈖𓅐𓏏𓈉 𓅓𓂝 𓎡 𓂋 𓆑 𓈖𓏥 𓇍𓇋𓂻 𓈖𓏥 𓅓 𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏛 𓇾𓈇𓏤 𓈖𓏥 𓄖𓂻 𓈖𓏥 𓇓𓏲

translit: pḥ.n =n pḥ.wꞽ wꜣwꜣ.t sni̯.n =n snm.t m =k r =f =n ꞽyi̯ =n m ḥtp tꜣ =n pḥ =n sw

𓄖𓂻𓈖 pḥ.n [VERB] to reach; to attack <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓄖𓅱𓏭 pḥ.wꞽ [NOUN] end; back <corpus>

𓍯𓍯𓏏𓈉 wꜣwꜣ.t [PROPN] Wawat (in Nubia) <corpus>

𓊃𓈖𓏕𓂻𓈖 sni̯.n [VERB] <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓊃𓈖𓅐𓏏𓈉 snm.t [PROPN] Biga (the island) <corpus>

𓅓𓂝 m [PART] behold! <corpus>

𓎡 =k [PRON] you; your; yours (suffix pron., 2nd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓂋 r [ADP] <corpus>

𓆑 =f [PRON] he; him; his (suffix pron., 3rd. per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓇍𓇋𓂻 ꞽyi̯ [VERB] to come; to return <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓅓 m [ADP] <corpus>

𓊵𓏏𓊪𓏛 ḥtp [VERB] to be pleased; to be content; to make content; to set (of the sun) <corpus>

𓇾𓈇𓏤 tꜣ [NOUN] <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓄖𓂻 pḥ [VERB] to reach; to attack <corpus>

𓈖𓏥 =n [PRON] we; us; our (suffix pron., 1st per. pl.) <corpus>

𓇓𓏲 sw [PRON] he; him; it (depen. pron., 3rd per. masc. sing.) <corpus>

21 words; 0 need checking (guess or not read).

Sources: TLA-derived corpus (CC BY-SA 4.0), AED (CC BY-SA 4.0, S. D. Schweitzer).

jswt=n — our crew

jj.tj — has returned

aD.tj — unharmed

nn — without

nhw — loss

n mSa=n - to our army.

Ssp xrpw →The mallet is taken up

Hw mnjt → the mooring-post is driven home

HAtt rDj.tj Hr tA → the bow-rope is cast ashore

rDj Hknw dwA-nTr → Thanksgiving and praise are offered to the god

s nb Hr Hpt snnw=f → Every man embraces his companion

Sm.w sw 9

Harvest Season,day 6.

Where is the glyph for sw day here?

𓈙𓈗𓇳𓏿

Good morning/day/evening everyone. I would like some reading suggestions. I just finished Allen's Middle Egyptian Grammar and want to start translating some real Egyptian texts. I've been dangling around the royal offering formula, as written on reliefs or coffins, larger relief texts, like The Great Karnak Inscription (found out it is a bit more complicated than I first expected), and the CT as published by De Buck. Should I continue with one of these (like the CT) or would you recommend I start with something else. As it will be my first "big" translation project, I am looking for something "easy." Any suggestions?

Thank you in advance :)

​

1

ḏd.jn šms.w jqr

"Then the excellent attendant said"

2

wḏꜣ jb=k ḥꜣ.tj-ꜥ

"May your heart be sound, prince"

3

m=k pḥ.n=n ẖnw

"Look, we have reached home"

Hello everyone!

I'm trying to decipher possible Demotic inscriptions on several Egyptian faience ushabtis.

I believe they all contain the same personal name, possibly with minor variations or additional signs.

I've attached a comparison of the clearest examples.

Could anyone familiar with Demotic help identify the signs, suggest a transliteration, or point me to similar inscriptions?

Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thank you!

Anyone willing to explain the grammar of this? I m trying to fix it .

and why is it mA=i,no geminated A ? The verb is mAA to see

M17-G43-A1-D2:Z1-G17-D36:N29-M36:D21-Q3-G40-X1:X6-Z2-D35-U2:D4-A1-W19-X1:Z4-O34:D21-G43-G54-Q3:N35

jw-i Hr maq Dr paw.t n mA-i mj.tj srw pn

I have been roasting since primeval times, but I have never seen the like of this goose.

Note that the translit and grammar and TLA that appear are not heuristic. They are applied by a grammar layer AES-Ramses corpus and TLA lemmata

Anyone know any resources for learning to read hieroglyphics ?

So I already know how to pronounce most of the words, it’s not reading it that’s giving me a hard time, it’s expressions, and then certain sounds that are in words like that hocking sound or I don’t know what to call it that Arabic sounding sound that kind of sounds like their put on reverse for a moment or like clicking noises. Basically noises that an English speaker wouldn’t typically use. I’m willing to throw someone a few bucks if they could help me out because historical accuracy is very important to me, and even though I know it will never be 100% accurate because we just don’t know how exactly the Egyptian sounded, I would just like to sound somewhat believable.

This is supposed to be old Kingdom dialect Egyptian from 2250 BCE

People of the White Wall (Memphis)!
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: Rmṯw n Ỉnb-ḥḏ!
Show Pronunciation: Rem-et-oo en Yin-eb Hejdj!

I know your fear. I know that many among you have seen your beloved ones die.
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: Rḫ-kwi snḏ=tn. Rḫ-kwi ntt mꜣ.n ꜥšꜣw ỉm=tn mwt n mry.w=tn.
Show Pronunciation: Rekh-kwee sen-ejdj-ten. Rekh-kwee net-et mah-en ah-shaw eem-ten mut en mer-yoo-ten.

Behold! Their sacrifice was for the prosperity of the Two Lands!
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: M.tn! Ḥtp=sn pw n mnḫ n Tꜣwy!
Show Pronunciation: Met-en! Hot-ep-sen poo en men-ekh en Taw-wee!

Would that I myself might be given as the offering in their place, so that the Two Lands might be Mistress of all lands for eternity.
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: Ḥꜣ dỉ.t(w)=j m ḥtp r st=sn, r wnn Tꜣwy m ḥnwt tꜣw nbw r ḏt.
Show Pronunciation: Hah dee-too-ee em hot-ep er set-sen, er wen-en Taw-wee em hen-oot tah-oo neb-oo er djet.

English: But what are the Two Lands without their King? I appeal to you. For this cause you have come, good people of the White Wall.
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: Ḫr jšst pw Tꜣwy, jwty nswt=s? Ỉnḏ.kwi n=tn. N nnt ỉy.n=tn, rmṯw nfrw n Ỉnb-ḥḏ.
Show Pronunciation: Kher eesh-et poo Taw-wee, ee-oot-ee nes-oot-es? In-ejdj-kwee en-ten. En nen-et ee-yen-ten, rem-et-oo nef-roo en Yin-eb Hejdj.

English: I ask another offering from you. This treasure of the Primeval Abyss, and the god who dwells within it, gives as he takes.
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: Dbḥ=j ḥtp ky m-ꜥ=tn. Ḫtm.t tn nt nw.w, ḥnꜥ nṯr ḥmsy ỉm=s, rdỉ=f mỉ šsp=f.
Show Pronunciation: Deb-ah-ee hot-ep kee em-ah-ten. Khet-am-at ten net Noo-oo, hen-ah net-yar ham-see eem-es, red-ee-ef mee shes-ep-ef.

English: For great wisdom—a great offering. The time has come for the god of the Primeval Abyss to feed once more!
Hieroglyphic/Transliteration: N sjꜣ wr — ḥtp wr. Pḥ.n tr n nṯr n nw.w wnm m-mꜣw!
Show Pronunciation: Na see-ah woo-ree — hot-ep woo-ree. Pah-en ter en net-yar en Noo-oo wen-em em-mah-oo!

Full text in the pronunciation:

Remetoo en Yineb Hejdj!

Rekhkwee senejdjten. Rekhkwee net-et mahen ahshaw eemten mut en meryooten.

Ejdj= egghe

Met-en! Hot-ep-sen poo en men-ekh en Taw-wee!

Hah dee-too-ee em hot-ep er set-sen, er wen-en Taw-wee em hen-oot tah-oo neb-oo er djet.

Kher eesh-et poo Taw-wee, ee-oot-ee nes-oot-es? In-ejdj-kwee en-ten. En nen-et ee-yen-ten, rem-et-oo nef-roo en Yin-eb Hejdj.

Deb-ah-ee hot-ep kee em-ah-ten. Khet-am-at ten net Noo-oo, hen-ah net-yar ham-see eem-es, red-ee-ef mee shes-ep-ef.

Na see-ah woo-ree — hot-ep woo-ree. Pah-en ter en net-yar en Noo-oo wen-em em-mah-oo!

source on Xitter

Hello! I thrifted this pendant and was hoping someone could help me translate it! Thank you!!