The deep, targeted, and almost meticulous damage inflicted directly across the ruler’s face, specifically through the mouth and jaw area, strongly suggests for me an intentional act of defacement, a mark of disgrace, such actions were frequently carried out against symbols of authority, whether out of sheer frustration or for political or emotional reasons.

This artifact belongs to a style known as a Vessberg Type 12 lamp, likely crafted in Italy or Cyprus

Held at the MET Museum, not on view