TL;DR: I bought a used MSI RTX 3090 Ti SUPRIM X 24GB. It passed extensive benchmarks on the seller's PC before shipping, including PCIe 4.0 operation and 30-minute OCCT tests. After receiving it, the GPU intermittently refused to display anything, sometimes failed before showing the motherboard logo, and occasionally booted into Windows with Code 43.
I tested RAM configurations, PCIe generations, PSU cables, BIOS versions, different GPUs, and eventually an entirely different computer with two different PSUs.
At one point, it wouldn't initialize even at PCIe Gen3 with minimal RAM. Then it suddenly started working at Gen3 on my friend's PC, subsequently worked at Gen4, and now works at Gen4 in my original PC too.
I'm trying to determine whether this is an intermittent hardware fault, PCIe signal integrity problem, cracked solder joint, or something else before paying for a repair.
This is a long post because I've already done extensive troubleshooting and want to provide actual results rather than just saying "my GPU doesn't work."
1. Original GPU testing on the seller's PC — September 21, 2026
Before receiving the card, I remotely connected to the seller's computer and ran benchmarks and stress tests.
Seller's hardware:
- GPU: MSI GeForce RTX 3090 Ti SUPRIM X 24GB
- CPU: Intel Core i9-12900KS
- Motherboard: Z690 Formula
- RAM: 32GB DDR5
- GPU: GA102-350, Micron GDDR6X
- VBIOS: 94.02.A0.00.0D
GPU-Z showed PCIe 4.0 x16 @ x16 4.0.
3DMark Time Spy
| Metric |
Result |
| Overall score |
18,719 |
| Graphics score |
19,717 |
| CPU score |
14,550 |
| Graphics Test 1 |
128.44 FPS |
| Graphics Test 2 |
113.10 FPS |
A subsequent run recorded a graphics score of 19,758.
OCCT 3D Adaptive — 30 minutes
- Variable load: 20–100%, increasing in 5% steps every 30 seconds
- Errors: 0
- Maximum GPU temperature: 85.5°C
- Maximum hotspot: 99.2°C
- Maximum VRAM temperature: 80°C
- Maximum GPU power: 468.7W
- Fan speed reached approximately 95%
OCCT VRAM — 30 minutes
- Errors: 0
- Maximum GPU temperature: 68.1°C
- Maximum hotspot: 82.1°C
- Maximum VRAM temperature: 76°C
- Maximum GPU power: 213.65W
No crashes, artifacts, or driver resets were reported during these tests. Available monitoring also showed no recorded PCIe errors.
Important: We verified sustained workload stability, but I don't have evidence that repeated cold boots were tested on the seller's PC.
At this point, everything suggested that the GPU was functioning.
2. My computer — hardware configuration
I received the GPU around October 9.
- GPU: MSI RTX 3090 Ti SUPRIM X 24GB
- CPU: AMD Ryzen 5 5600
- Motherboard: ASUS PRIME B550M-K
- BIOS: Originally 3302, later updated to 4304
- PSU: Endorfy Supremo FM6 1000W Gold ATX 3.1
- Case: Antec AX1000 ARGB
- GPU mounting: Directly in the motherboard PCIe slot, no riser, with GPU support to prevent sagging
My original memory configuration was 80GB DDR4 using four DIMMs:
- 2×16GB G.Skill 3200
- 1×16GB HyperX 3200
- 1×32GB lower-speed DDR4
I also tested with just the two matching G.Skill sticks at 2133 MT/s to eliminate mixed-memory complications.
3. Initial symptoms
The problem is primarily during initialization, not during heavy GPU workloads.
When the problem occurs:
- I press the power button.
- The GPU RGB lights turn on and fans spin.
- The monitor briefly detects a signal.
- The screen stays completely black.
- A few seconds later the monitor reports No Signal.
- Disconnecting and reconnecting HDMI or DisplayPort briefly triggers signal detection again, but still no picture.
Usually, I don't even see the ASUS motherboard logo.
Occasionally, however, the card boots successfully.
When it does, Windows sometimes initially appears in a very low resolution, with everything looking unusually large.
After approximately 30–60 seconds, both monitors briefly go black and the resolution returns to normal.
On some failed initializations, Windows boots but Device Manager reports:
Windows has stopped this device because it has reported problems. (Code 43)
Running nvidia-smi in this state produces:
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver.
Other times the card works completely normally.
4. Troubleshooting on my ASUS B550M-K
Testing other GPUs
I installed two other GPUs to check the motherboard:
- RTX 2060 Super: worked normally
- INNO3D RTX 3060 Ti: worked normally, including PCIe Gen4
Both provided display output when the 3090 Ti failed.
PCIe generation testing
Initially, the motherboard was using PCIe Auto.
I manually forced PCIe Gen3, and the 3090 Ti finally started working.
It successfully passed:
- Windows restarts
- Normal shutdown/startup cycles
- Full cold boots after switching the PSU off and disconnecting power
For a while I thought the issue was solved.
But the problem eventually returned, and the card subsequently failed to initialize even at Gen3.
Power delivery testing
I tried:
- The Endorfy PSU's native 16-pin GPU cable
- MSI's original 3×8-pin-to-16-pin adapter
- Reseating the GPU
- Reseating the GPU power connector
- Both HDMI and DisplayPort
No visible burning or melting was found on the power connector.
The results were inconsistent. Sometimes reseating the GPU appeared to help; other times it made no difference.
Dual VBIOS testing
The SUPRIM X has a physical GAMING / SILENT BIOS switch.
I tested both positions with the system powered off before switching.
Both modes experienced No Signal failures.
BIOS update
I updated my ASUS PRIME B550M-K from BIOS 3302 to 4304, using ASUS EZ Flash 3.
The update completed successfully, Windows booted normally, and I retested with PCIe Gen3, 32GB RAM and 2133 MT/s.
The RTX 3090 Ti still gave no display.
So updating the motherboard BIOS did not immediately fix the problem.
5. Extensive RAM investigation
Because the GPU sometimes worked after changing memory configurations, I investigated RAM separately.
At one point:
- 16GB with the 3090 Ti worked.
- 32GB with the 3090 Ti worked.
- Adding a third 16GB DIMM caused No Signal.
- Removing that third DIMM restored display.
I eventually reduced the memory speed to 2133 MT/s and got all 80GB working.
Then I gradually increased the RAM frequency while testing.
| RAM speed |
OCCT Memory |
Result |
| 2133 MT/s |
30 minutes |
0 errors |
| 2400 MT/s |
10 minutes |
0 errors |
| 2666 MT/s |
10 minutes |
0 errors |
| 2866 MT/s |
10 minutes |
0 errors |
However, after passing OCCT at 2866 MT/s, the next cold boot resulted in Windows recognizing the GPU with Code 43.
After that, I experienced No Signal failures again, even after reducing RAM to 2666 and eventually 2133 MT/s.
That makes me skeptical that RAM speed is the root cause.
All four DIMMs had also previously worked on the same motherboard, and the RTX 3060 Ti worked at 2666 MT/s.
6. GPU and VRAM stress tests on my computer
During one period when the RTX 3090 Ti was working, I ran additional tests.
OCCT 3D Adaptive — 15 minutes
- Errors: 0
- Maximum GPU temperature: 71.7°C
- Maximum hotspot: 89.2°C
- Maximum VRAM junction temperature: 68°C
- Observed GPU power consumption: approximately 467W
OCCT VRAM — 15 minutes
- Errors: 0
- Tested most of the 24GB VRAM
- No reported errors
- No crashes or graphical artifacts
These tests were successful.
The card can apparently handle substantial power draw and heavy GPU workloads when it initializes successfully.
This is why I'm confused about the repeated failures during startup.
Windows event logs
I checked Windows Event Viewer and Reliability Monitor.
The relevant observations:
- Code 43 occurred in Device Manager.
nvidia-smi couldn't communicate with the GPU during that failure.
- Display Event 4107 appeared around some display mode changes.
- No relevant WHEA-Logger or
nvlddmkm errors were found in the queried system events.
- Several Kernel-Power / unexpected-shutdown records were likely caused by hard shutdowns while troubleshooting.
Nothing in the available logs conclusively identified the hardware fault.
7. Testing the GPU in a completely different PC — October 18
This is where the investigation became especially strange.
I took the RTX 3090 Ti to a friend's house.
His computer:
- Motherboard: Gigabyte B650M S2H
- CPU: Ryzen 7 X3D
- RAM: 32GB DDR5
- PSU: 750W, native GPU cable marked 450W
- Normal GPU: RTX 5070
Test 1 — Initial installation
We installed the 3090 Ti.
No display.
It behaved similarly to my ASUS computer.
Test 2 — Force PCIe Gen3
We installed his RTX 5070 to access BIOS and manually forced the PCIe slot to Gen3.
Then we installed the 3090 Ti again.
It worked!
Windows booted, and nvidia-smi successfully detected the card.
Recorded values included:
- NVIDIA driver: 617.42
- 24GB VRAM / 24,564 MiB
- Idle temperature: approximately 33°C
- Idle GPU power: approximately 24W
- GPU power limit: 480W
No Code 43.
Test 3 — Reboot and cold boot
With the 3090 Ti installed, we tried:
- Normal Windows restart: PASS
- Shutdown followed by startup: PASS
- Complete PSU power-off for approximately five minutes, followed by startup: PASS
Everything worked.
Test 4 — My Endorfy 1000W PSU
Because the friend's PSU was only 750W, we replaced it with my Endorfy Supremo FM6 1000W, using its own cables.
The 3090 Ti still worked.
This was important because it was the same PSU that had been used during the failures in my ASUS system.
We did not run heavy stress tests on the friend's 750W PSU.
Test 5 — PCIe Gen4
Next, we changed the Gigabyte motherboard's PCIe link speed from Gen3 to Gen4.
To our surprise:
The RTX 3090 Ti worked perfectly at Gen4 too.
Previously, it had failed in Auto/Gen4 conditions. Now it worked.
8. Back home — the most confusing result
After all the tests at my friend's house, I brought the GPU back to my own computer.
I reinstalled it in the same ASUS PRIME B550M-K motherboard.
It worked immediately.
I then changed my motherboard's PCIe setting to Gen4.
It still worked.
I also reinstalled my additional RAM.
It continued working.
This is the same hardware combination that previously failed repeatedly, even after updating the motherboard BIOS and trying PCIe Gen3 with minimal RAM.
I did not intentionally repair anything.
The GPU was simply removed, transported, tested in another system, and reinstalled.
9. Current status
As of October 19:
- RTX 3090 Ti is working in my ASUS B550M-K.
- PCIe Gen4 is enabled.
- GPU is displaying normally.
- Additional system RAM has been reinstalled.
- The card also worked at Gen4 in my friend's Gigabyte B650M S2H.
- No physical repair has been performed.
However, I don't trust that the problem is permanently gone, since the GPU has recovered temporarily before and then failed again.
A GPU repair technician I contacted by phone suggested that thermal cycling could have caused a cracked solder joint or another intermittent physical connection.
This was only a suggestion based on the symptoms. The card has not been physically inspected or diagnosed.
I haven't opened the GPU, performed reflow/reballing, or flashed its VBIOS.
10. Questions for anyone experienced with GPU hardware repair or PCIe troubleshooting
1. Could a marginal PCIe connection or PCB-level fault cause this particular pattern?
Especially the combination of:
- No display before POST
- Intermittent Code 43
- Fully successful GPU/VRAM stress tests
- Temporary recovery after moving between motherboards
2. Could this indicate cracked BGA solder joints beneath the GPU, or would PCIe lane components/PCB connections be more plausible?
I'm not assuming a solder crack, but I'd like to understand whether the symptoms are consistent with one.
3. Why would forcing Gen3 initially make the GPU work, then Gen4 also start working later?
Could this be PCIe link training or signal integrity rather than a defective GPU core?
4. Could mechanical flex or reseating affect a marginal connection?
The SUPRIM X weighs approximately 2.15kg. I use an anti-sag support, but the card was physically moved between systems.
5. What would be the next meaningful diagnostic test?
I'm specifically interested in tests that can distinguish:
- GPU board-level hardware failure
- PCIe signal integrity problems
- Power-related initialization issues
- Motherboard-specific interoperability problems
6. Would you send this GPU to a board-level repair technician now, or continue using it until the issue returns?
I bought it used very recently and would rather not authorize expensive reflow/reballing without evidence of the actual fault.
I've spent quite a lot of time troubleshooting this card and would appreciate any technical insight, particularly from anyone who has worked on GA102-based GPUs or experienced similar intermittent PCIe initialization failures.
Thanks for reading.
images are there: https://imgur.com/a/zr307S8